The great digital divide in Australia

Students’ lives outside of school are filled with digital technology. Many Australians now  have access to digital technology. Students are now expecting their education to have digital technology therefore schools are being asked to bridge the digital divide between what parents can afford and what they want their children to experience (Howell, 2012). However not all Australians have access to these resources and this is leading towards a digital divide in rural and metropolitan Australian education.

Click here to view Lateline’s investigation into homeschooling and need for better internet.

As Howell (2012) notes, new generations of students are born into a digital world that is uneven.  Some students may not have the same access to technologies as others do and may not have the same understanding of technology. This is called a “digital divide”.

Australia is often regarded as classless but in teaching with ICT  Howell (2012 p.n. ____) suggests that “we have very distinct layers based upon socio-economic factors”

The main contributing factors could be:

digital-geographic-divide
Figure 1. shows rise in households with internet
  • access to internet according to location
  • lower household incomes
  • number of children per household

Little is known about who and how the internet is being used but Howell (2012) states what is most evident is that there is an increasing amount of internet connection in Australian homes.

The students of today are nicknamed “digital natives” and through the launch of mobile technology, are constantly connected to the internet. That being said, students have varied levels of digital experience due to the digital divide. Homes throughout Australia have a broad range of differing technologies and lower socio-economic households are not able to access the same technologies as others (Howell, 2012).

The Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs (2008) conducted an assessment using Year 6 and 10 students from 600 schools.

The assessment measured students’ skills in understanding, manipulating information and team work (Howell, 2012).

The results from the assessment showed that:

  • Over 40% of Year 6 students with parents from low income professions attained the proficient standard
  • Over 70% of Year 10 students with parents  from high income jobs attained the proficient standard.

Even though students are connected through mobile technology, results such as these could suggest the digital divide continues to be evident and may affect future generations of students and their ability to perform at a national standard level.

Reference:

Jennifer Howell (2013) Teaching with ICT. Oxford University Press Australia Higher Education, 09/2012. VitalBook file.

Nikki Tugwell 2015

Slow internet in regional Australia creating a ‘digital divide’ and harming education and business

http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2015/s4292363.htm

Image

Figure 1

https://adigitaldividedotcom.wordpress.com/tag/graphs/

Transmedia.

What is transmedia and what does it have to do with educating today’s children? Transmedia is a form storytelling that  allows the narrative to expand over different media platforms and continues the story for a long period of time (Johnson, 2013).

transmedia-storytelling-inbound-marketing
Figure 1. A visual idea of what transmedia looks like

This can include:

  • comic books
  • video games
  • books
  • mobile apps
  • tv shows
  • film
  • radio

Transmedia allows the inspiration to engage with other creators, seek out other parts of the story, and contribute to the narrative by adding content (Rutledge, n.d.). This allows fans and followers to have their own imput and expand the universe of their favorite stories.

 click here to view a video on transmedia. 

Nowadays most people have access to technologies that allow them to manipulate and circulate media content. All of these new technologies could support a mixture of educational techniques (Kalogereas, 2013).

Kalogeras (2013, p. ______) of Business College of Athens argues that: “these self contained parts can be utilized as teaching aids, in conjunction with traditional learning tools, when the context of the material is complementary to the subject matter.”

Herr-Stephenson,  Alper,  Reilly and  Jenkins (2013) suggest that:

  • transmedia play can promote new approaches to reading
  • transmedia can encourage learning through joint media engagement
    bigstock-the-concept-of-communication-o-30551735_copy
    Figure 2  Students connecting through transmedia.
  •  transmedia play can support constructivist learning goals

As  Herr-Stephenson et al. (2013) ,  suggest transmedia provides a place for students to explore, experiment and contribute to the story as it unfolds over the complex, interconnected and dynamic world of different media platforms.

It forces students to use different types of media literacy skills to retell media (Herr- Stephenson, et al.,  2013). If executed correctly, transmedia can allow an immersive, responsive, student-centered learning environment full of information related to students’ existing knowledge.

Reference:

Derek Johnson (2013) A history of transmedia entertainment

Retrieved from

http://spreadablemedia.org/essays/johnson/#.VhN2vM7iT8G

Pamela Rutledge (n.d.) What is transmedia storytelling?

Retrieved from:

http://athinklab.com/transmedia-storytelling/what-is-transmedia-storytelling/

Stavroula Kalogeras, (2013)

Media-Education Convergence: Applying Transmedia Storytelling Edutainment in E-Learning Environments

Becky Herr-Stephenson and Meryl Alper with Erin Reilly and introduction by Henry Jenkins (2013)

T is for Transmedia: Learning through Transmedia Play

Image reference:

Krishna Stott 02.14.14

http://www.provideocoalition.com/how-to-recognise-a-modern-transmedia-audience

What is a digital world?

Our lives are becoming digitized because of digital technology. Digital technology is used at work, at home and in school. The use and teaching of digital technology in the classroom is now a requirement in order to prepare students for our digitized society (Howell, 2012).   Click here for a look at what our digital world could look like in the near future

Figure 1. The different types of digital technologies

Our world is becoming a place were our everyday lives rely heavily on the use of digital technology. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015) reports in 2015 more then 12 million Australians are now connected to the internet. If you walked through most homes, businesses and schools you would find digital technology. Prensky (2008) states that new generations of people have embraced the use of digital technology. In the school environment students are constantly seeking to  digital technology to enhance  their learning

Howell (2012) indicates that digital technology has made vast advancements in past years and has been embraced by the youth. With the introduction of smart phones, tablets, computers and video games, today’s students are experiencing digital technologies in their homes at a younger age. Students’ home and private lives are full of digital technology (Howell, 2012).

Students find digital technology engaging and now expect teachers to use it in the classroom. Howell (2012) notes that students have embraced digital technology and are now required to know basic skills at a young age. Teachers must now be responsible for using various technologies in the classroom in order to teach their students  the skills required to enter the workforce and for their future lives. I wonder what will happen to future generations of workers as they enter jobs that require this new level of digital fluency?

Reference:

Jennifer Howell, 2013. Teaching with ICT.

Oxford University Press Australia Higher Education, 09/2012. VitalBook file.

Video

Advexon (2014) The Future Technology. What are you expecting from The Future Technologies?

Retrieved from

https://youtube/MiowXhyZTtg

Marc Prensky (2008) The 21st – Century digital learner

Retrieved from

http://www.edutopia.org/ikid-digital-learner-technology-2008

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015)

Retrieved from

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8153.0/

Image

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015)

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8153.0/